Showing posts with label history. Show all posts
Showing posts with label history. Show all posts

Saturday, May 15, 2010

Tom Paine


Thomas Paine, the greatest pamphleteer in history, a hero of both the American and French revolutions and allegedly the first person to write the words "the United States of America," died a penniless drunk in Manhattan. Only six people attended his funeral, and a popular nursery rhyme at the time of his death went:

Poor Tom Paine! There he lies:
Nobody laughs and nobody cries
Where he has gone or how he fares
Nobody knows and nobody cares

Even after death, Paine couldn't catch a break. Some ten years later, overzealous journalist and Paine fan William Cobbett, exhumed Paine's body and shipped it to England where he hoped to build a proper memorial. Cobbett couldn't raise the money needed, so Paine remained in a trunk in his attic. After Cobbett's death, Paine's remains disappeared. Legend has it that his bones were turned into buttons, though in the 1930s, one woman in Brighton claimed to have his jawbone. Poor Tom Paine!

in TIME

Napoleon's Penis


People have been fixated on Napoleon's penis since Napoleon's doctor allegedly cut it off during his autopsy in 1821 and gave it to a priest in Corsica. The penis, which was not properly preserved, has been compared over the years to a piece of leather, a shriveled eel and to beef jerky. In 1927 when it went on display in Manhattan, TIME weighed in, comparing it to a "maltreated strip of buckskin shoelace." It's enough to give anyone a complex! In 1977, a urologist living in New Jersey purchased the modern-day relic for $3,000 and stored it under his bed until he died 30 years later. His daughter inherited Napoleon's penis and has fielded at least one $100,000 offer.

in TIME

Friday, October 30, 2009

World's Oldest Instrument

Bone Flute Found in Cave Is World's Oldest Instrument - Science News | Science & Technology | Technology News - FOXNews.com

Thursday, June 25, 2009




     AP
    June 24: Professor Nicholas Conard of the University in Tuebingen shows the flute during a press conference in Tuebingen, southern Germany.


    BERLIN —  A bird-bone flute unearthed in a German cave was carved some 35,000 years ago and is the oldest handcrafted musical instrument yet discovered, archaeologists say, offering the latest evidence that early modern humans in Europe had established a complex and creative culture.
    A team led by University of Tuebingen archaeologist Nicholas Conard assembled the flute from 12 pieces of griffon vulture bone scattered in a small plot of the Hohle Fels cave in southern Germany.
    Together, the pieces comprise a 8.6-inch (22-centimeter) instrument with five holes and a notched end. Conard said the flute was 35,000 years old.
    "It's unambiguously the oldest instrument in the world," Conard told The Associated Press this week. His findings were published online Wednesday by the journal Nature.
    Other archaeologists agreed with Conard's assessment.
    April Nowell, a Paleolithic archaeologist at the University of Victoria in Canada, said the flute predates previously discovered instruments "but the dates are not so much older that it's surprising or controversial."

    Nowell was not involved in Conard's research.
    The Hohle Fels flute is more complete and appears slightly older than bone and ivory fragments from seven other flutes recovered in southern German caves and documented by Conard and his colleagues in recent years.
    Another flute excavated in Austria is believed to be 19,000 years old, and a group of 22 flutes found in the French Pyrenees mountains has been dated at up to 30,000 years ago.
    Conard's team excavated the flute in September 2008, the same month they recovered six ivory fragments from the Hohle Fels cave that form a female figurine they believe is the oldest known sculpture of the human form.
    Together, the flute and the figure — found in the same layer of sediment — suggest that modern humans had established an advanced culture in Europe 35,000 years ago, said Wil Roebroeks, an archaeologist at Leiden University in the Netherlands who didn't participate in Conard's study.
    Roebroeks said it's difficult to say how cognitively and socially advanced these people were. But the physical trappings of their lives — including musical instruments, personal decorations and figurative art — match the objects we associate with modern human behavior, Roebroeks said.
    "It shows that from the moment that modern humans enter Europe ... it is as modern in terms of material culture as it can get," Roebroeks told The AP.
    He agreed with Conard's assertion that the flute appears to be the earliest known musical instrument in the world.
    Neanderthals also lived in Europe around the time the flute and sculpture were made, and frequented the Hohle Fels cave.
    Both Conard and Roebroeks believe, however, that layered deposits left by both species over thousands of years suggest the artifacts were crafted by early modern humans.
    "The material record is so completely different from what happened in these hundreds of thousands of years before with the Neanderthals," Roebroeks said. "I would put my money on modern humans having created and played these flutes."
    In 1995, archaeologist Ivan Turk excavated a bear bone artifact from a cave in Slovenia, known as the Divje Babe flute, that he has dated at around 43,000 years ago and suggested was made by Neanderthals.
    But other archaeologists, including Nowell, have challenged that theory, suggesting instead that the twin holes on the 4.3-inch-long (11-centimeter-long) bone were made by a carnivore's bite.
    Turk did not respond to an e-mail seeking comment.
    Nowell said other researchers have hypothesized that early humans may have used spear points as wind chimes and that markings on some cave stalactites suggest they were used as percussive instruments.
    But there is no proof, she said, and the Hohle Fels flute is much more credible because it's the oldest specimen from an established style of bone and ivory flutes in Europe.
    "There's a distinction between sporadic appearances and the true development of, in this case, a musical culture," Nowell said. "The importance of something like this flute is it shows a well-established technique and tradition."
    Conard said it's likely that early modern humans — and perhaps Neanderthals, too — were making music longer than 35,000 years ago.
    But he added the Hohle Fels flute and the others found across Europe strengthen evidence that modern humans in Europe were establishing cultural behavior similar to our own.

    Monday, July 6, 2009

    The wink that changed the world

    The wink that changed the world. - By Michael Meyer - Slate Magazine


    This is the way the Warsaw Pact folded, not with a bang but a gesture.

    By Michael MeyerPosted Monday, July 6, 2009, at 9:26 AM ET

    Nicolae Ceausescu. Click image to expand.

    On July 7, 1989, the masters of the Eastern empire gathered in Bucharest for a fateful summit. They were a rogue's gallery of the world's dictators, assembled in the capital of the worst among them: Romania's own Nicolae Ceausescu, Europe's last Stalinist, the dark lord of the old Eastern bloc's most repressive Communist regime.

    They were the hunters: Erich Honecker, the murderous boss of the German Democratic Republic, architect of the wall that separated his East Germany from the West. There was Poland's Wojciech Jaruzelski, the man who declared martial law in 1980 and broke the famed trade union Solidarity. Czechoslovak strongman Milos Jakes was there, as well as Bulgaria's Todor Zhivkov, whose secret police stooges once tried to assassinate Pope John Paul II.

    This day, however, the hunted was one of their own: reformist Hungarian Prime Minister Miklos Nemeth, whose determination to bring democracy and free markets to his country threatened them all. And so, in the interests of self-preservation, the satraps of the Warsaw Pact marshaled their forces. The goal: a classically Commie "fraternal intervention" of the sort the world had seen before—Hungary in 1956 and Prague in 1968. Only one man stood between them and their quarry. His name: Mikhail Gorbachev.

    For many, the fall of the Berlin Wall in November 1989 was a glorious moment, emblematic of the West's victory in the Cold War. It seemed to come out of the blue. But if you watched the Eastern bloc's disintegration from the ground, over the course of that epic year, you know that the process was far longer and more complex than most people realize. Often, it unfolded in melodramatic little chapters, unnoticed by the rest of the world, as on that fine summer day in Bucharest two decades ago.

    To grasp the full dimension of that drama, you must remember how Europe was still locked in the old order defined by the Cold War—and glimpse the changes afoot that would, abruptly, transform it. Nemeth arrived on the scene in late November 1988 as a new-generation "reform" Communist in the mold of Gorbachev himself. But if his titular master in Moscow remained a committed socialist, however liberal by contrast to his old-guard predecessors, Nemeth was the real deal.

    Moving quickly, he had drafted a new constitution for Hungary—modeled on America's, complete with a Bill of Rights and guarantees of free speech and human rights. Then he allowed new political parties to form and promised free elections. And if the Communist Party should lose, hard-liners asked, what then? Why, said Nemeth, with perfect equanimity, "We step down." Worst, just a few months before, in early May, Nemeth had announced that Hungary would tear down the fence along its frontier with Austria. At the height of the Cold War, he cut a hole in the Iron Curtain.

    In the Communist world, this was heresy. It had to be punished. And so it was that the Warsaw Pact's leaders assembled in Bucharest. Seated in a great hall, surrounded by banners and the full pomp of Communist circumstance, they launched their attack. Ceausescu went first, brandishing his fists and shouting an impassioned indictment: "Hungary will destroy socialism." His "dangerous experiments" will destroy the entire Socialist Union! Honecker, Jakes, and Zhivkov followed. Only Jaruzelski of Poland sat quiet, sphinxlike behind his dark sunglasses, betraying no emotion.

    Nemeth had been in office for only seven months. This was his first Warsaw Pact summit. He was nervous, but he knew his enemies would act only with Soviet support. The man who could give it sat roughly opposite him, 30 feet away on the other side of a large rectangle of flag-draped conference tables. As Ceausescu and the others ranted on, calling for armed intervention in Hungary, Nemeth glanced across at the Soviet leader. Their eyes met, and Gorbachev … winked.

    "This happened at least four or five times," Nemeth later told me. "Strictly speaking, it wasn't really a wink. It was more a look, a bemused twinkle. Each time he smiled at me, with his eyes, it was as if Gorbachev were saying, 'Don't worry. These people are idiots. Pay no attention.' " And so he didn't. As the dogs of the Warsaw Pact brayed for his head, Nemeth went outside to smoke a cigarette.

    On this small moment, history turned. Nemeth flew back to Budapest and continued his reforms, dissolving the country's Communist Party and opening Hungary's borders so that tens of thousands of East Germans could famously escape to the West—and causing, four months later, the Berlin Wall to topple. Erich Honecker went home a spent political force who would be ousted in a coup d'état that began taking shape even before he left Bucharest. As for Nicolae Ceausescu, he would die by firing squad during the revolution that convulsed Romania at year's end.

    Friday, June 5, 2009

    1st Law Of Cybernetics:

    "The unit
    [which can be a person]
    within the system
    [which can be a situation or an organisation]
    which has the most behavioural responses available to it

    controls the system"

    Sunday, May 10, 2009

    ACUMEN

    Etymology

    Latin acumen, sharp point

    n.

    acumen (plural acumens)

    1. quickness of discernment or perception; penetration of mind; the faculty of nice discrimination

    Quotations

    Synonyms

    Sharpness; penetration; keenness; shrewdness; acuteness; acuity.

    NOUS

    Origin:
    1670–80; Gk. noûs, contracted var. of nóos mind

    n.
    1. Philosophy
      1. Reason and knowledge as opposed to sense perception.
      2. The rational part of the individual human soul.
      3. The principle of the cosmic mind or soul responsible for the rational order of the cosmos.
      4. In Neo-Platonism, the image of the absolute good, containing the cosmos of intelligible beings.

    2. Chiefly British Good sense; shrewdness."She has great social nous"

    [Greek.]

    Spanish: nos,
    German: uns selbst,
    Japanese: 私たち自身を

    Friday, May 1, 2009

    Bucintoro

    2008 February « Venice from beyond the bridge

    bucintoro venice

    The Bucintoro was the Doge's big parade boat. It was used the Ascension day, when a gold ring where dropped in to the sea as sign of the Republic power over the sea (Sposalizio del mare).

    The fist Bucintoro was build by the Republic in 1311, since then it was rebuilt 3 times. It was 35 meters long, 7 meters large and 9 meters high, with 42 oars and 168 oarsmen. The last one was destroyed by the French in 1789.

    Now there is a foundation that is trying to rebuilt it, they are looking sponsors for 15.000.000,00 euro.

    From Positivism to Complexity to Paradoxes

    Today's key features of logical positivism (or logical empiricism; see also constructive empiricism), as originally created by A. Comte (19th century) and later adapted and corrected by Karl Popper, are:

    1. A focus on science as a product, a linguistic or numerical set of statements;

    2. A concern with axiomatization, that is, with demonstrating the logical structure and coherence of these statements (Göedel's 1921 and 1951 demonstrations of the essential insufficiency of many axiomatic systems, have largely reshaped and structured this vision);
    3. An insistence on at least some of these statements being testable, that is amenable to being verified, confirmed, or falsified by the empirical observation of reality; statements that would, by their nature, be regarded as untestable included the teleological; (Thus positivism rejects much of classical metaphysics.)

    4. The belief that science is markedly cumulative;

    5. The belief that science is predominantly transcultural;

    6. The belief that science rests on specific results that are dissociated from the personality and social position of the investigator;

    7. The belief that science contains theories or research traditions that are largely commensurable;

    8. The belief that science sometimes incorporates new ideas that are discontinuous from old ones;

    9. The belief that science involves the idea of the unity of science, that there is, underlying the various scientific disciplines, basically one science about one real world;

    10. The belief that "all true knowledge is scientific"[14];

    11. The belief that all things are ultimately measurable;

    12. The belief that "entities of one kind... are reducible to entities of another,"[14] such as societies to numbers, or mental events to chemical events (reductionism).


    What's new

    Major progress over this picture came, at the end of 20th century, from the science (i.e. mathematics) of complexity. It is now clear that the scaling, up or down, of a phenomenum usually produces new laws, that essentially account for new, qualitatively different, phenomena. This essencially challenges the 12th point, above.

    In this sense, although macro-processes can, indeed, be "reducible to physiological, physical or chemical events,"[14] and "social processes are reducible to relationships between and actions of individuals,"[14] or "biological organisms are reducible to physical systems"[14] . It is no longer believed that ALL laws of the former phenomena can be tracked back or inferred up, from the later. In a parallel to Goedel's finding, about the incompleteness of most axiomatic mathematical systems, there is now a perception of an essencial insufficiency of micro laws, to explain macro phenomena.

    Simple programs, for instance, are capable of a remarkable range of complex behavior. Some have been proven to be universal computers, others exhibit properties familiar from traditional science, such as thermodynamic behavior, continuum behavior, conserved quantities, percolation, sensitive dependence on initial conditions, and others. They have been used as models of traffic, material fracture, crystal growth, biological growth, and various sociological, geological, and ecological phenomena.

    Stephen Wolfram, in A New Kind of Science argues that, in order to capture the essence of almost any complex system it is necessary to systematically explore these systems and document what they do. He believes this study should become a new branch of science, like physics or chemistry. The basic goal of this field is to understand and characterize the computational universe using experimental methods.

    The proposed new branch of scientific exploration admits many different forms of scientific production. For instance, qualitative classifications like those found in biology are often the results of initial forays into the computational jungle. On the other hand, explicit proofs that certain systems compute this or that function are also admissible. There are also some forms of production that are in some ways unique to this field of study. For instance, the discovery of computational mechanisms that emerge in different systems but in bizarrely different forms.


    What's wrong

    As of the first decade of the 21st century, the main challenge posed to Positivism (by its own ranks; "metaphisical" and teleological claims being, naturally, disqualified a priori) is the emergence of unsolved paradoxes from within seemingly "well-constructed" theories. Namely, Quantum Phisics and Bayesian Statistics result in disturbing, logic-defying results, that have generated a lot of havoc and schism within the positivist community.

    Saturday, April 4, 2009

    The price of prosperty


    Prospe
    rity has this property - it puffs up narrow souls,
    makes them imagine themselves high and mighty
    and look down on the world with contempt.


    Plutarch, 46-120 A.D.

    The Bull in Winter

    Kondratieff Waves





    Friday, March 13, 2009

    Marquises, promessas e opressão

    Subitamente entendi porque marquises são tão a cara dos anos 60.

    As do Niemeyer apontam e prometem o futuro (distaaaaaaaaaaaante...), desde que você siga o caminho que ele te impõe.

    Vizibilidade vertical, zero! É aquela opressão sobre a sua cabeça.

    Em suma: é exatamente o trotskismo-leninismo, tão em voga nos 60.







    “When we are victorious on a world scale, I think we shall use gold for the purpose of building public lavatories in the streets of some of the largest cities of the world.” - Lenin, Writings, 1921.

    Vindicating Lenin... sort of

    “When we are victorious on a world scale, I think we shall use gold for the purpose of building public lavatories in the streets of some of the largest cities of the world.” - V.Lenin, 1921.

    Solid 24k gold toilet. Hong Kong (meca do capitalismo liberal), 2001.

    Friday, March 6, 2009

    Christus Carnalis


    Em meio à reação pública, provocada pela excomunhão dos médicos que realizaram aborto em uma menina pernambucana de 9 anos, estuprada pelo padrasto e grávida de gêmeos, diversos argumentos e questionamentos acalorados, a favor e contra a decisão da Igreja Católica, encontraram seu caminho até as páginas da imprensa. Subitamente, ao invés de discutir as causas da tragédia da menor estuprada, o que podemos fazer para reduzir a frequência com que esse crime se repete em nossas cidades e como podemos ajudar suas vítimas, a sociedade brasileira mergulha num debate sobre os méritos da Igreja Católica e sua anacrônica instituição da excomunhão.

    Entre os diversos argumentos pró e contra a ação da Igreja, muito poucos sequer endereçam o objetivo político da polêmica pública provocada, deliberadamente, pelo Arcebispo de Recife e Olinda. Todo o debate e energia investidos em discussões éticas e morais, tanto no ataque quanto na defesa da Igreja Católica, atendem e beneficiam, inadvertidamente, esse objetivo político. Por isso é importante expô-lo claramente, de forma que a sociedade brasileira tenha a opção de debater ou não, caso julgue relevante, os aspectos éticos das ações da Igreja. Paradoxalmente, contudo, responder a alguns dos questionamentos éticos levantados é a melhor maneira de expor a natureza política das excomunhões de Pernambuco.

    Um dos temas de questionamento mais frequentes é: por que a Igreja não excomungou o padrasto estuprador? É claro que esse ponto é muito mais um clamor, provocado por uma profunda sensação de injustiça, do que um argumento pertinente ao debate sobre o que a decisão da Igreja revela de sua postura social, sua relevância e, em última instância, seu valor como instituição religiosa. Dois outros questionamentos frequentes, esses sim, de maior impacto na credibilidade da Igreja e suas instituições, referem-se à suspensão recente (janeiro/09), da excomunhão do bispo Richard Williamson, notório por sua negação do Holocausto, e o fato do Papa Pio XII ter deixado de excomungar Hitler, quando a política nazista de extermínio em massa se tornou conhecida.

    Analisar e explicar essas três aparentes contradições – porque a Igreja suspendeu a excomunhão do Bispo Williamson, não cogita excomungar o padrasto estuprador e está em processo acelerado de canonização de Pio XII – é, na minha opinião, a maneira mais fácil para se entender como o incidente de Pernanambuco se encaixa no programa político implementado, na Igreja Católica, pelo Papa Bento XVI.


    Hoje excomunga, amanhã beija

    Em primeiro lugar, é preciso entender claramente o que é a excomunhão. A sanção da excomunhão é um anúncio oficial, que informa à comunidade católica de que as idéias e o comportamento de tal pessoa não devem ser seguidas e, também, notifica o clero de que essa pessoa não deve mais receber os sacramentos, com exceção da Reconciliação.

    Do ponto de vista da Igreja são os fiéis que se excomungam – isto é afastam-se da comunidade, da comunhão; a ação da Igreja é apenas uma informação de que a excomunhão ocorreu. Segundo o direito canônico, praticar o aborto é um ato de excomunhão automática e, portanto, o que o Arcebispo de Olinda e Recife fez foi, simplesmente, comunicar a seu público o status, de facto, dos médicos e da mãe da vítima.

    A forma usual de reverter a excomunhão envolve: uma declaração de arrependimento, a profissão do Credo (se a ofensa envolveu heresia) ou uma reafirmação de obediência, pelo excomungado; uma declaração de reconciliação, pelo padre ou bispo com poderes para emiti-la e, então, a realização do sacramento da Reconciliação.


    It's all politics

    A Excomunhão não é, portanto, um instrumento de punição, mas de pressão social, para que o(s) atingido(s) voltem a prestar obediência à doutrina e ao comando da Igreja. Como tal, é utilizado em casos de “crimes” (no sentido canônico) de consciência – aqueles em que o culpado agiu racional e deliberadamente, em desacordo com a doutrina Católica.

    O bispo anti-semita Williamson percorreu o processo e o ritual de Reconciliação e, consequentemente, sua excomunhão foi encerrada. Aliás, sua excomunhão (em 1988), não tinha nenhuma relação com sua posição anti-semita. Williamson e outros três padres foram consagrados bispos, pelo arqui-conservador Cardeal Lefebvre, em desobediência frontal ao Vaticano, resultando na imediata excomunhão dos cinco. Lefebvre (morto em 91) foi o fundador e Williamson e os demais “bispos” são membros da Sociedade São Pio X, forte opositora às mesmas mudanças modernizadoras, introduzidas pelo Concílio Vaticano II que, agora, Bento XVI dedica-se a reverter (por exemplo, reintroduzindo a Missa Tridentina, abolida por Paulo VI, em 1963, e um dos quatro pontos centrais da rebelião de Lefebvre).

    Crimes “comuns” ou pecados motivados pela ignorância ou por baixos instintos, como o estupro infantil, não requerem excomunhão porque, a princípio, nenhum católico tem dúvida sobre o estado, em pecado, do criminoso. No caso do pecador-criminoso, não há uma polêmica social e política a demandar um recurso de pressão social – como na batalha que a Igreja trava, pela condenação e criminalização do aborto.

    O que nos leva ao terceiro e último questionamento levantado contra a excomunhão dos médicos pernambucanos: por que o papa da 2ª. Guerra, Pio XII, não excomungou Hitler pela prática, sob a égide da lei, de extermínio em massa? Não seria esse um caso típico, a demandar esclarecimento e orientação da numerosa população católica alemã, por parte de sua Igreja? A resposta oficial do Vaticano a esses questionamentos tem seguido a (fraca) linha de que “os tempos eram muito complicados” e que, nas complicadas circunstâncias, Pio XII fez o melhor que pôde. A verdade, nua e crua, é que não há mesmo coerência no emprego, pela Igreja Católica, do instrumento da excomunhão. Seu uso é ditado pela agenda política e pelas circunstâncias da ocasião. É, portanto, um instrumento político.


    Muito além de Pernambuco

    Qual é, então, o objetivo político das excomunhões (melhor dizendo: da decisão de comunicar publicamente, com alarde, o status de excomungados) dos médicos pernambucanos e da mãe da vítima (também ela, uma vítima)?

    Desde a ascenção, Bento XVI deixou claro que sua estratégia para recuperar o prestígio e o poder da Igreja Católica, em declínio desde os anos 70, consistiria em eliminar o relativismo do discurso doutrinário, com isso “purificando o rebanho católico” – permanecendo os mais comprometidos e ativamente praticantes, ainda que ao preço de uma redução inicial no número de fiéis. Assumiu um discurso mais contundente (sempre de matiz conservador) em relação a temas polêmicos, como homossexualidade, aborto, contracepção e prevenção da AIDS; fortaleceu a influência de grupos e ordens ultra-direitista/ultra-conservadoras, como a já mencionada Sociedade São Pio X e a polêmica Opus Dei.

    Essa estratégia está surtindo os efeitos desejados pois, de fato, os praticantes católicos estão assumindo matizes mais tradicionalistas e “carismáticos” e os menos praticantes ou menos alinhados à nova doutrina estão sendo progressivamente alienados da instituição.

    É nesse processo que se enquadram as excomunhões de Pernambuco e, como instrumentos políticos, também foram muito bem sucedidas: ocuparam um imenso espaço na mídia e nas discussões do público, polarizaram os fiéis, elevando seu “investimento moral” na nova agenda doutrinária. Mais católicos tiveram que “escolher suas cores”, uns afastando-se mais, outros alinhando-se mais à instituição Católica. Uma obstetra de Guarulhos defende a excomunhão, no fórum de leitores do Estado, argumentando que não havia risco real de vida, para a menina de 9 anos, numa gestação e parto de gêmeos porque, em 1939, uma menina peruana “de estrutura franzina, teve um filho saudável aos 5 anos de idade”. Podemos, certamente, esperar mais excomunhões, canonizações polêmicas e outros movimentos de reconquista de poder e espaço de opinião, nos próximos anos de papado de Bento XVI.


    Apostas arriscadas no cassino vazio

    Não há dúvida de que a radicalização do discurso Católico está criando uma comunidade mais uniforme, combativa, comprometida com (e obediente à) autoridade central do Vaticano. Essa é a estratégia de Bento XVI, atualmente em implementação, em todo o mundo.

    O preço que estamos pagando (e continuaremos a pagar) pela determinação férrea dessa implementação é bem ilustrado pelo caso de Pernambuco: a nova Igreja Católica não somente deixa de apoiar, como aumenta a miséria das vítimas de tragédias, se isso estiver em seu interesse político. Não tem escrúpulos, por exemplo, de desviar para sua agenda a atenção da sociedade que, ao invés de concentrar-se nas disfunções sociais que levam ao estupro de uma criança de 9 anos pelo padastro, foi arrastada para um debate anacrônico e irrelevante, sobre excomunhão, à força de declarações kafkanianas de um arcebispo desalmado, que afirma: "Esse padrasto cometeu um pecado gravíssimo. Agora, mais grave do que isso, sabe o que é? O aborto, eliminar uma vida inocente".

    Resta saber se o sucesso inicial da estratégia de Bento XVI resultará em um maior número de fiéis, a longo prazo, ou se acabará por acelerar a migração de católicos para outras formas de cristianismo, ou mesmo para outras religiões, mais comprometidas com a realidade e os desafios do fiel do século 21.

    Friday, February 27, 2009

    Ninette de Valois

    Young Dancer by Erci.

    "Young Dancer" by Enzo Plazzotta represents Ninette de Valois

    To Dame Ninette de Valois, the Royal Ballet owes its place in the dance world's pecking order, and Covent Garden its role in the cultural merry-go-round.

    Born Edris Stannus (6 June 1898, in Baltiboys, County Wicklow, Ireland), her tenacity in pursuit of an original vision, undertaken often in the face of chronic ill health, enabled her to accomplish what many at the time considered impossible.

    She founded the Royal Ballet, the Birmingham Royal Ballet and the Royal Ballet School. During early 1950s, she also helped establishing the first ballet school of Turkish State Opera and Ballet in İstanbul.

    She modelled her company, the Sadler Wells Ballet, after the Imperial Ballet of Russia, and emphasized dancing a mix of classical ballets and contemporary works. She cultivated talents slowly. Eventually, her company became one of the starriest in the world, with dancers like Margot Fonteyn, Robert Helpmann, Moira Shearer, Beryl Grey, and Michael Somes.

    In 1949 the Sadler Wells Ballet was a sensation when they toured the United States. Margot Fonteyn instantly became an international celebrity.



    The statue of the young dancer, facing the Royal Opera House in Covent Garden, created by Enzo Plazzotta, represents Ninette de Valois.

    She died 8 March 2001, aged 102, in Barnes, London, England.



    photo by Mo, http://aglimpseoflondon.blogspot.com/


    Facing In


    Moai of Easter Island facing inland, Ahu Tongariki, c. 1250 - 1500 AD,
    restored by Chilean archaeologist Claudio Cristino in the 1990s

    Lion me


    Lion man, from Hohlenstein-Stadel, Germany
    Ulmer Museum, Ulm, Germany

    The oldest known zoomorphic statuette
    Aurignacian era, 30,000 BC-26,000 BC